Brain changes found in high school football players thought to be concussion-free

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cognitive impairment, said Thomas Talavage, an expert in functional neuroimaging who is an associate professor of biomedical engineering and electrical and computer engineering and co-director of the Purdue MRI Facility.The findings represent a dilemma because they suggest athletes may suffer a form of injury that is difficult to diagnose.The problem is that the usual clinical signs of a head injury are not present, said Larry Leverenz, an expert in athletic training and a clinical professor of health and kinesiology. There is no sign or symptom that would indicate a need to pull these players out of a practice or game, so they just keep getting hit.Findings are detailed in a research paper appearing online this week in the Journal of Neurotrauma.The team of researchers screened and monitored 21 players at Jefferson High School in Lafayette, Ind.The athletes wore helmets equipped with six sensors called accelerometers, which relay data wirelessly to equipment on the sidelines during each play, said Eric Nauman, an associate professor of mechanical engineering and an expert in central nervous system and musculoskeletal trauma.Impact data from each player were compared with brain-imaging scans and cognitive tests performed before, during and after the season. The researchers also shot video of each play to record and study how the athletes sustained impacts.Whereas previous research studying football-related head trauma has focused on players diagnosed with concussions, the Purdue researchers tested all of the players. They were surprised Rosetta Stone Spanish
to find cognitive impairment in players who hadn't been diagnosed with concussions.The research team identified 11 players who either were diagnosed by a physician as having a concussion, received an unusually high number of impacts to the head or received an unusually hard impact. Of those 11 players, three were diagnosed with concussions during the course of the season, four showed no changes and four showed changes in brain function.So half of the players who appeared to be uninjured still showed changes in brain function, Leverenz said. These four players showed significant brain deficits. Technically, we aren't calling the impairment concussions because that term implies very specific clinical symptoms, such as losing consciousness or having trouble walking and speaking. At the same time, our data clearly indicate significant impairment.The findings support anecdotal evidence that football players not diagnosed with concussions often seem to suffer cognitive impairment.Researchers evaluated players using a GE Healthcare Signa HDx 3.0T MRI to conduct a type of brain imaging called functional magnetic Rosetta Stone Spanish (Latin America) Levev 1-5
resonance imaging, or fMRI, along with a computer-based neurocognitive screening test.

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